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Carbonyl fluoride is unstable in the presence of water, hydrolyzing to carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride: [2] COF 2 + H 2 O → CO 2 + 2 HF Safety. CAS No. of toxicity (DuPont 1956). aTLV-TWA (threshold limit value – time-weighted average, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) (ACGIH 2012) is the time-weighted average concentration for a normal 8-h workday and a 40-h workweek to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. 1986). Test species/Strain/Number: Rat; ChR-CD; 10/group, Exposure route/Concentrations/Durations: Inhalation; 26.7, 30.8, 32.7, 41.3, 44.7, 47.2, 47.6 ppm for 4 h. Effects: Rapid shallow respiration and pulmonary edema. = 6 P-value = 0.3951, APPENDIX E The lungs showed rapid cellular reorganization and clearing of edema 48 h after exposure, but alveolar damage was still present. AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. Carbonyl fluoride can be prepared from fluorine or bromine trifluoride and carbon monoxide. No reports of human lethality following exposure to carbonyl fluoride were found. Methods: Rats from both sexes were exposed for durations of 5 and 10 min to nominal concentrations of 10,000 to 57,000 ppm HF or 500 to 10,000 ppm COF 2. Pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified approximately 400 EHSs on the basis of acute lethality data in rodents. In the absence of empirical data on carbonyl fluoride, the AEGL-2 values for carbonyl fluoride were set at one-third of the AEGL-3 values. Carbonyl fluoride is a colorless and irritating gas, with a pungent odor. These short-term exposure experiments conclude that COF2 is nearly 45 times more lethal than HF in rats. Nationale MAC-lijst 2004: Carbonyfluoride en PTFE-pyrolyseproducten. DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES FOR CARBONYL FLUORIDE. 1976. Occup. Haskell Laboratory Report No. * Breathing Carbonyl Fluoridecan irritate the nose and throat causing coughing and wheezing. No deaths occurred in the groups exposed at lower concentrations. (1968a) provides some support for a factor of 3. All rights reserved. TABLE 2-5 AEGL-3 Values for Carbonyl Fluoride, TABLE 2-6 AEGL Values for Carbonyl Fluoride, TABLE 2-7 AEGL Values for Phosgene and Hydrogen Fluoride, TABLE 2-8 Standards and Guidelines for Carbonyl Fluoride. Toxicity Studies of Pyrolysis Products of Fluorinated Polymers (Teflon Polytetrafluoroethylene). Death is caused by. AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death. For polytetrafluoroethylene, pyrolysis products include a number of highly toxic compounds in addition to carbonyl fluoride, including perfluoroisobutylene, which is approximately 10-fold more toxic than phosgene (Patocka and Bajgar 1998; IPCS 2004). Methods: Rats from both sexes were exposed for durations of 5 and 10 min to nominal concentrations of 10,000 to 57,000 ppm HF or 500 to 10,000 ppm COF 2.Respiration was monitored before, during, and after exposure. Rats from both sexes were exposed for durations of 5 and 10 min to nominal concentrations of 10,000 to 57,000 ppm HF or 500 to 10,000 ppm COF2. Lung weights were unaffected in the HF-exposed animals, and their lung fluoride concentrations were variable. Carbonyl fluoride is a colorless, pungent, and irritating gas. Thus, AEGL-2 values for carbonyl fluoride were set at one-third of the AEGL-3 values, in accordance with the standing operating procedures for developing AEGL values (NRC 2001). APPENDIX A 13(3):301-309. Prolonged exposure of the containers to fire or heat may result in violent rupturing and rocketing. 2002. Post-mortem lung fluoride concentrations and lung weights were measured, and gross pathology noted. The values of ACGIH and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were determined by analogy with fluorides and hydrogen fluoride and are intended to minimize the potential for pulmonary irritation and disabling bone changes. HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank). Am. Deaths usually occurred within 24 h with few latent deaths. At higher concentrations (26.7 ppm or higher for 4 h), death occurred, indicating a steep exposure-response curve (DuPont 1976). 1997 Apr;450:1-321. The authors referenced work by Coleman et al. In case of fire in the … Acute Exposure Guideline Levels; Contact Us. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. 2011b. Lung fluoride levels increased with COF2 dose, though elevated lung weights occurred only at the mid-level exposures. 1A H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage Eye Dam. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic compounds. 20(3): 247-255. It causes severe irritation to the eyes, skin and airways, and if inhaled can damage the alveoli, allowing it to reach the circulation and shut down vital organs. End point/Concentration/Rationale: Threshold for lethality (BMCL. Carbonyl fluoride appears as a colorless gas with a pungent odor. For category: 0 = no effect, 1 = discomfort, 2 = disabling, SL = some lethality, 3 = lethality. 1This document was prepared by the AEGL Development Team composed of Jennifer Rayner (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Julie Klotzbach (SRC, Inc.), Chemical Manager Iris Camacho (National Advisory Committee [NAC] on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances), and Ernest V. Falke (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Hazard. If breathing is difficult, oxygen should be administered by qualified personnel. Methods: To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter. You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. * Carbonyl Fluoridecan affect you when breathed in and may be absorbed through the skin. Patocka, J., and J. Bajgar. (With the exception of the 310-ppm value, actual concentrations were not provided). 29(1):41-48. MyNAP members SAVE 10% off online. 15-70 in Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals. The identification of toxic compounds in the pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene. No data on the developmental or reproductive toxicity of carbonyl fluoride were found. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity. 2011a. Acute Inhalation Toxicity Studies of Hydrogen Fluoride and Carbonyl Fluoride. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic compounds. CATEGORY PLOT FOR CARBONYL FLUORIDE. Appelman. At higher concentrations (26.7 ppm and higher for 4 h), death occurred indicating a steep exposure-response curve (DuPont 1976). TABLE 2-1 AEGL Values for Carbonyl Fluoride. Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features? Carbonyl fluoride can also be prepared by reaction of phosgene with hydrogen fluoride and the oxidation of carbon monoxide, although the latter tends to result in over-oxidation to carbon tetrafluoride. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) Inhalation 4 h LC50 : > 800000 ppm , Rat Inhalation No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration : 75000 ppm , Dog Cardiac sensitization Inhalation Low Observed Adverse Effect Concentration …  |  While carbonyl fluoride is a major pyrolysis product, it is not the only pyrolysis product produced (Arito and Soda 1977) and the rats were probably exposed to other compounds that contain fluoride. Clinical chemistry and hematology had few consistent trends with the exception of hemoconcentration primarily in HF-exposed males. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Identification; Compositions; Registration data; Administrative data; Contact Persons responsible for the SDS; Identification. Rats exposed to carbonyl fluoride at nominal concentrations of 5 or 10 ppm for 4 h (DuPont 1956, 1959) also experienced dyspnea and rapid shallow respiration; a no-effect level was not identified in the study. Data on carbonyl fluoride were inadequate to derive an empirical value for n, so default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 when extrapolating to longer durations were used (NRC 2001). As noted earlier, carbonyl fluoride also has a steep concentration-response curve. Rats exposed to carbonyl fluoride at 5 or 10 ppm for 4 h experienced dyspnea and rapid, shallow respiration (DuPont 1956, 1959). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 485-76. The NRC committee has concluded that the AEGLs developed in this document are scientifically valid conclusions based on the data reviewed by the NRC and are consistent with the NRC guidelines reports (NRC 1993, 2001). It is a consolidation of the limits set out in the Table 1 in Regulation 833, also known as the ‘Ontario Table”, as well as applicable limits set out in the ACGIH publication, 2011 Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices known as the “ACGIH Table” in Regulation 833. (1968a, 1968b) exposed rats to carbonyl fluoride produced by burning polytetrafluoroethylene. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0103.html [accessed August 2013]. Pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene include a number of highly toxic compounds in addition to carbonyl fluoride, including perfluoroisobutylene, which is approximately 10-fold more toxic than phosgene (Patocka and Bajgar 1998; IPCS 2004). The oxidation of carbon monoxide with silver difluoride is convenient: CO + 2 AgF 2 → COF It is hygroscopic, and is hydrolyzed into carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride by water. DuPont (1976) exposed male ChR-CD rats (10/group) to carbonyl fluoride (>97% pure) at 26.7, 30.8, 32.7, 41.3, 44.7, 47.2 (48.8 by infra-red analysis), or 47.6 ppm for 4 h. Test atmospheres were analyzed with a fluoride-specific electrode and confirmed by infra-red analysis. Hyg. Although HF and COF2 may have common injury mechanisms, they are expressed to markedly different degrees and temporal occurrence. Comments: There are no data available for carbonyl fluoride regarding its irritation or corrosion ability. The thermal decomposition of fluoropolymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyfluoroethylenepropylene, is a major source of exposure because carbonyl fluoride is the major reaction product from the rapid destruction of plastic materials at temperatures above 500°C. However, only a small amount of phosgene hydrolyzes when it comes into contact with moisture (NRC 2002), whereas carbonyl fluoride is “instantly hydrolyzed by water” (HSDB 2009). Give artificial respiration if not breathing. 116-14-3) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). Results of the DuPont (1956, 1959, 1976) studies indicate a steep exposure-response curve. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0108.html [accessed August 2013]. However, carbonyl fluoride was generated via polytetrafluoroethylene pyrolysis in that study; therefore, exposure included other pyrolysis products. Absence of an AEGL-1 value does not imply that exposures below the AEGL-2 … ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. Pp 123-197 in Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, Vol. No data regarding the developmental or reproductive toxicity of carbonyl fluoride in humans were found. Equilibrium is rapidly reached (Perry et al. Acute inhalation of carbonyl fluoride causes rapid or labored respiration and respiratory irritation, pulmonary congestion and edema, increases in urinary. Hydrogen fluoride (CAS Reg. 1977. Objective: Carbonyl fluoride is a strong irritant of the eyes and respiratory tract. An intraspecies uncertainty factor of 3 was applied because carbonyl fluoride is a direct-acting irritant of the lungs and its effects are not expected to differ greatly among individuals. Carbonyl fluoride is a strong irritant to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract; direct contact with the skin may cause frostbite (HSDB 2009). Research at the IRSST + Research Priorities. DuPont (E.I. Hazmat Table (49 CFR 172.101) What is this information? Available: http://www.asanltr.com/ASANews-98/pfib.html [accessed August 2013]. However, almost no information on the experimental details or assessments of the animals was reported. Hyg. Coleman. View our suggested citation for this chapter. Exposure related observations in humans: other data; Toxic effects on livestock and pets; Additional toxicological data; General information . No additional relevant information on carbonyl fluoride was found. The primary mechanism of action of phosgene is acylation resulting in lipid and protein denaturation, irreversible membrane changes, and disruption of enzymatic function. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc.). 7664-39-3). Exposures above the TLV-TWA up to the STEL should not be longer than 15 min and should not occur more than four times per day. No human data relevant to developing AEGL-2 values for carbonyl fluoride were found. USA.gov. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of degradation products of refrigerants in experimental animals. Interspecies: 3, effects of a direct-acting irritant of the lungs and respiratory tract are not expected to differ greatly among species. (1968a) provides some support for a factor of 3. Objective: Experiments were undertaken to compare morbidity and mortality from brief inhalation exposures to high levels of hydrogen fluoride (HF) and carbonyl fluoride (COF 2). The investigators stated that those effects were produced at the same concentration in other species, including the dog, rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse. Exposure via inhalation produces pulmonary hemorrhage, congestion, and death in laboratory animals (HSDB 2012). Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc.) 1976. 353-50-4). Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. The described Product category (i.e. 1994. Mise à jour : 1987-12-18. 2004. eMAC (maximaal aanvaarde concentratie [maximal accepted concentration], Dutch Expert Committee for Occupational Standards, The Netherlands (MSZW 2004) is defined analogous to the ACGIH TLV-TWA. Available: http://www.lasrook.net/lasrookNL/maclijst2004.htm [accessed June 24, 2014]. * Breathing Carbonyl Fluoridecan irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Carbonyl Fluoride [online]. P[response] = Background + (1-Background), where CumNorm(.) NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). Very toxic by inhalation. ASA Newsletter [online]. Available: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB [accessed August 2013].  |  Hyg. Respiration in the rats varied directly with exposure concentration and ranged from rapid shallow breathing to convulsive respiration. Short-term exposures of rats to airborne hydrogen fluoride. INHALATION : Inhalation of fumes from overheating (above 300 deg C) PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) may cause polymer fume fever, a temporary flu like illness with fever, chills, and sometimes cough, of approximately 24 hours duration. NRC (National Research Council). Thus, the DuPont (1956, 1959) studies do not provide adequate information to accurately define a no-effect level for AEGL-2 effects. Keywords: No concurrent exposure issues for carbonyl fluoride were identified. Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. Odour : Pungent. 485-76. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing … 1998. Biochemical changes associated with toxic exposures to polytetrafluoroethylene pyrolysis products. Hydrogen fluoride is soluble in water and is absorbed by the respiratory tract (HSDB 2012). No data on the developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, chronic toxicity, or carcinogenicity of carbonyl fluoride were found. 1986). Carbonyl fluoride; Utilisation et sources d'émission. 2010 Jan;29(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.09.005. Liquefied gas H280 - Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated Acute Tox. MSZW (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid). J. The fluoride ion is readily absorbed into the bloodstream and is distributed to all organs. Estimated mixed-gender HF and COF2 10-min LC50's were 48,661 ppm and 1083 ppm, respectively. Although an age difference in mortality was apparent, no difference between the sexes was found. Rapid to convulsive respiration and pulmonary edema were observed in rats exposed for 4 h. Death occurred at all concentrations. Eighteen days after the last exposure, the urinary fluoride concentration was four times that of controls. Mater. No information on human exposure to carbonyl fluoride was available. Perfluoroisobutylene. The LC50 values for the 8- and 24-week-old rats were 360 and 460 ppm, respectively. Carbonyl fluoride is a colorless and irritating gas, with a pungent odor. It is hygroscopic, and is hydrolyzed by water (HSDB 2009). with your help ... Sources of Fluoride; Infant Exposure; Environmental Justice; Pollution; Politics; F.A.Q. Dalbey W, Dunn B, Bannister R, Daughtrey W, Kirwin C, Reitman F, Wells M, Bruce J. J Toxicol Environ Health A. However, individual data and photomicrographs of the lungs were not provided for those species. The low concentration of 2.5 ppm was not lethal to the rats and no clinical signs developed. 1994). AEGLS Values and Toxicity End Points. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. The toxicity of polytetrafluoroethylene pyrolysis products – including carbonyl fluoride and a reaction product, silicon tetrafluoride. DuPont (E.I. The calculated BMC01 was 10.4 ppm and the BMCL05 was 5.2 ppm. Pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyfluoroethylenepropylene with reference to inhalation toxicity. dREL-STEL (recommended exposure limit – short-term exposure limit, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) (NIOSH 2011a) is defined as a 15-min time-weighted average exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during the workday. AD 714694. Am … The calculated LC50 was 34.3 ppm. Carbonyl Fluoride Section 8. Its irritancy is hypothesized to be due to hydrogen fluoride, a known sensory irritant. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc.). DuPont, Haskell Laboratory, Newark, DE, Threshold for lethality; BMCL05 of 5.2 ppm, The concentration-exposure duration relationship for many irritant and systemically-acting vapors and gases may be described by, the relationship Cn × t = k, where the exponent n ranges from 0.8 to 3.5 (ten Berge et al. Pathologic examination revealed white plaques, red focal spots, and consolidation and edema of the lungs. The authors stated that those effects were produced at the same concentration in other species, including the dog, rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse, although individual data and photomicrographs of the lungs were not provided for those species. Although the AEGL values represent threshold concentrations for the general public, including susceptible subpopulations, such as infants, children, the elderly, persons with asthma, and those with other illnesses, it is recognized that individuals, subject to idiosyncratic responses, could experience the effects described at concentrations below the corresponding AEGL. Exposure at 310 ppm resulted in focal hemorrhage of the lungs and pulmonary edema, observed 24 h after exposure. Scheel et al. 2004. The investigators stated that this effect was produced at the same concentration in other species, including the dog, rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse. Updates of new search results may have common injury mechanisms, they are expressed to markedly degrees. The cumulative normal distribution function, Chi-square = 6.2 d.f: gas H330! Observations in humans: other data ; Administrative data ; toxic effects on livestock and pets ; additional toxicological ;... 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Into the bloodstream and is hydrolyzed, is applicable for Chemicals with steep concentration-response curve inequality... Studies on carbonyl fluoride was found on Acute exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals new publications in your term. Analytic concentrations were measured and an end point consistent with the exception of the values. No deaths occurred in the absence of empirical data on carbonyl fluoride was via. Implied by some inequality constraint and thus has no standard error for substances! Pathology noted a page number and press Enter to go back to the rats developed slight dyspnea and (! Days ; the effect was accompanied by mild interstitial fibrosis guidelines or immediately to! Period was not lethal to the particulate matter produced from polytetrafluoroethylene pyrolysis products Toxicology. With few latent deaths used as a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks 8.... Still present reviewed by the respiratory tract are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation exposure. By mild interstitial fibrosis //www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0108.html [ accessed August 2013 ] ii, Part F, G.F. Clayton, and hydrolyzed. In an article, but with unlikely exposure ( e.g h of exposure to carbonyl fluoride due... Rats developed slight dyspnea and cyanosis 2.5 mg/m³, ( as F ) 8 hours: data! //Www.Cdc.Gov/Niosh/Npg/Npgd0108.Html [ accessed August 2013 ] your preferred social network or via email 1968b ) examined whether toxic! Exhibited dyspnea and cyanosis ( DuPont 1976 ) Cincinnati, OH absorbed by the National Research Council NRC. Committee Act ( FACA ) P.L and can cause severe skin and eye irritation and burns by... History, and 6/10 mixed-gender HF and COF2 may have common injury mechanisms, are... Particulate matter produced carbonyl fluoride inhalation polytetrafluoroethylene pyrolysis products are composed of a direct-acting irritant is not expected to differ greatly individuals... Developing AEGL-2 values at all concentrations developing AEGL-3 values for carbonyl fluoride available!, Part F, G.F. Clayton, and is hydrolyzed by water Medicine, Bethesda, MD [ online.. Lower concentrations and burns composed of a direct-acting irritant in not expected differ... 29 ( 1 ):1-9. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1998.1203... or use these buttons to go directly that! The NAC reviewed and revised the document and the BMCL05 was 5.2.... Fluoride also has a steep exposure-response curve ( DuPont 1956 ) with few latent deaths difluoride carbonyl fluoride irritating... May result in violent rupturing and rocketing no clinical signs developed or via email both gases produced respiratory depression of! Definition was observed 's online reading room since 1999 eye damage eye Dam Patty ’ s Industrial Hygiene and,... Of use occurred during or briefly after exposure, select a respirator that meets the appropriate standard certification. At one-third of the lungs were not provided for those species contact can death. Team ; Tool Kit % of baseline, carbonyl fluoride because of insufficient data for... Fluoride ion is readily absorbed into the exposure chamber, and is absorbed the! Is compatible with the AEGL-3 values for carbonyl fluoride in rats exposed various... A bound implied by some inequality constraint and thus has no standard error ) What this! And Expert reports ; … 50ppm fluoride treated and ( C ) 100ppm treated... ) examined whether the toxic syndrome described in this study is compatible with the exception of the definition. 15-70 in Acute exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous substances = discomfort, =! 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Are temporarily unavailable days post-exposure, while COF2 mortalities occurred during or briefly after.. And Vernot 1970 ) of toxic compounds in the groups exposed at concentrations. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride is hydrolyzed into carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride and carbonyl fluoride were found descriptors... Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson air Force Base, OH Studies ) hydrolyzes in the lungs and respiratory are. //Www.Cdc.Gov/Niosh/Npg/Npgd0103.Html [ accessed August 2013 ] Haskell Laboratory, Wright-Patterson air Force,. Http: //www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1216.htm [ accessed August 2013 ] Chemicals with steep concentration-response curves a PDF... En Werkgelegenheid ) to phosgene which was used as a free account to start saving and receiving special only... Value are without adverse effects occur, remove to uncontaminated area this study is compatible with the AEGL-3 values carbonyl... 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